Berger tables: round-robin pairings for 4 to 16 players

The ready-made round-robin schedules from the annex to the FIDE tournament rules. Seven tables, from a group of four to a club event of sixteen. Each one shows who plays whom in every round and who gets White. Print it and pin it to the wall of the playing hall, or skip the paper entirely and run the event in an app that builds the schedule itself.

How many players do you have?

Odd field - pick the table one number up: 7 players use the «7-8» table.

3-4 players5-6 players7-8 players9-10 players11-12 players13-14 players15-16 players

How to read the table

The point of a Berger table is that a round-robin is paired exactly once. The players draw numbers before round one, and after that the event runs off a finished schedule: everyone meets everyone precisely once, colours come out almost even, and the organizer has nothing to calculate between rounds.

Numbers are drawn once, before round one

A round-robin is paired a single time: the players draw their starting numbers and from then on the table dictates the whole event. There is no recalculation between rounds the way there is in a Swiss.

The first number in a pair has White

«3-6» means number 3 plays White and number 6 plays Black. The tables are built so that colours alternate almost perfectly: with an even field, half the players get one extra White and the rest get one extra Black.

Odd field - use the next table up

For 7 players take the «7-8 players» table, for 9 players the «9-10» one. Whoever is drawn against the highest number, which nobody holds, is free that round. Over the event every player sits out exactly once.

The bye and what it scores

The player sitting out is awarded a full point or a zero depending on your regulations. Club and amateur events usually award the point so that nobody is punished by the draw; rated events spell it out in advance.

Second cycle: swap the last two rounds

For a double round-robin FIDE recommends swapping the last two rounds of the first cycle when you build the second. Otherwise someone ends up with three games in a row on the same colour at the join between cycles.

The number sets the schedule, not the seeding

A starting number in a round-robin gives no advantage: everyone faces the same field. It only decides the order of the games and which colour you hold in each of them.

How many rounds and games it comes to

A round-robin is wonderfully transparent, but the volume grows fast: every extra player adds one game for everyone else. The time estimates in the last column assume blitz or rapid.

PlayersRoundsGamesRough time
436about an hour of blitz
5510an hour and a half, someone sits out each round
6515an evening of blitz or two evenings of rapid
8728a long evening of blitz
10945two evenings
121166a weekend or a club month
141391a club season
1615120a club season on a fixed schedule

Past sixteen players a round-robin stops fitting into any reasonable calendar: twenty players means 19 rounds and 190 games. For fields that size you switch to the Swiss system, where 5 to 9 rounds are enough no matter how many people turn up.

Berger tables by number of players

In every pair the first number has White. The tables match the «Details of Berger Table» annex to the FIDE tournament rules (Handbook C.05, Annex 1).

3-4 players

3 rounds · 6 games
RoundPairings (White first)
Round 1
1–42–3
Round 2
4–31–2
Round 3
2–43–1

With 3 players number 4 is unassigned: whoever is drawn against it is free that round.

5-6 players

5 rounds · 15 games
RoundPairings (White first)
Round 1
1–62–53–4
Round 2
6–45–31–2
Round 3
2–63–14–5
Round 4
6–51–42–3
Round 5
3–64–25–1

With 5 players number 6 is unassigned: whoever is drawn against it is free that round.

7-8 players

7 rounds · 28 games
RoundPairings (White first)
Round 1
1–82–73–64–5
Round 2
8–56–47–31–2
Round 3
2–83–14–75–6
Round 4
8–67–51–42–3
Round 5
3–84–25–16–7
Round 6
8–71–62–53–4
Round 7
4–85–36–27–1

With 7 players number 8 is unassigned: whoever is drawn against it is free that round.

9-10 players

9 rounds · 45 games
RoundPairings (White first)
Round 1
1–102–93–84–75–6
Round 2
10–67–58–49–31–2
Round 3
2–103–14–95–86–7
Round 4
10–78–69–51–42–3
Round 5
3–104–25–16–97–8
Round 6
10–89–71–62–53–4
Round 7
4–105–36–27–18–9
Round 8
10–91–82–73–64–5
Round 9
5–106–47–38–29–1

With 9 players number 10 is unassigned: whoever is drawn against it is free that round.

11-12 players

11 rounds · 66 games
RoundPairings (White first)
Round 1
1–122–113–104–95–86–7
Round 2
12–78–69–510–411–31–2
Round 3
2–123–14–115–106–97–8
Round 4
12–89–710–611–51–42–3
Round 5
3–124–25–16–117–108–9
Round 6
12–910–811–71–62–53–4
Round 7
4–125–36–27–18–119–10
Round 8
12–1011–91–82–73–64–5
Round 9
5–126–47–38–29–110–11
Round 10
12–111–102–93–84–75–6
Round 11
6–127–58–49–310–211–1

With 11 players number 12 is unassigned: whoever is drawn against it is free that round.

13-14 players

13 rounds · 91 games
RoundPairings (White first)
Round 1
1–142–133–124–115–106–97–8
Round 2
14–89–710–611–512–413–31–2
Round 3
2–143–14–135–126–117–108–9
Round 4
14–910–811–712–613–51–42–3
Round 5
3–144–25–16–137–128–119–10
Round 6
14–1011–912–813–71–62–53–4
Round 7
4–145–36–27–18–139–1210–11
Round 8
14–1112–1013–91–82–73–64–5
Round 9
5–146–47–38–29–110–1311–12
Round 10
14–1213–111–102–93–84–75–6
Round 11
6–147–58–49–310–211–112–13
Round 12
14–131–122–113–104–95–86–7
Round 13
7–148–69–510–411–312–213–1

With 13 players number 14 is unassigned: whoever is drawn against it is free that round.

15-16 players

15 rounds · 120 games
RoundPairings (White first)
Round 1
1–162–153–144–135–126–117–108–9
Round 2
16–910–811–712–613–514–415–31–2
Round 3
2–163–14–155–146–137–128–119–10
Round 4
16–1011–912–813–714–615–51–42–3
Round 5
3–164–25–16–157–148–139–1210–11
Round 6
16–1112–1013–914–815–71–62–53–4
Round 7
4–165–36–27–18–159–1410–1311–12
Round 8
16–1213–1114–1015–91–82–73–64–5
Round 9
5–166–47–38–29–110–1511–1412–13
Round 10
16–1314–1215–111–102–93–84–75–6
Round 11
6–167–58–49–310–211–112–1513–14
Round 12
16–1415–131–122–113–104–95–86–7
Round 13
7–168–69–510–411–312–213–114–15
Round 14
16–151–142–133–124–115–106–97–8
Round 15
8–169–710–611–512–413–314–215–1

With 15 players number 16 is unassigned: whoever is drawn against it is free that round.

The tables are printable: in print mode the page switches to a white background and the interface elements are hidden.

What it looks like in practice

Six people meet at the club for an evening of rapid. Before the start they draw numbers: Paul takes 1, Ivan 2, Maria 3, Oleg 4, Daria 5, Nikita 6. From there the organizer simply reads off the «5-6 players» table.

Round one: Paul has White against Nikita, Ivan has White against Daria, Maria has White against Oleg. Round two: Nikita has White against Oleg, Daria has White against Maria, Paul has White against Ivan. And so on through all five rounds, with no recalculation and no risk of anyone meeting twice.

When the event finishes and several players are level on points, the places between them are settled by the Sonneborn-Berger score. You do not have to work it out by hand: the Sonneborn-Berger calculator takes a filled-in cross-table and returns the points, the tie-break and the final placings, with a breakdown for each player.

Or skip the printing altogether

In the Vibe Chess app a round-robin is created by picking the format: add the players, including guests without Telegram, and the full round schedule is generated from the field automatically. Results go in with a button press after each game, the table updates as you go, and the finished event exports as a TRF report. Free, no install, no limits.

Questions about Berger tables

What is a Berger table in plain terms?+

It is a ready-made schedule for a round-robin. It tells you who plays whom in every round and who gets White. All the organizer has to do is hand out the numbers at the draw; the rest was worked out and standardised by FIDE long ago.

Why are the tables named after Berger?+

After Johann Nepomuk Berger, the Austrian player, theoretician and study composer who systematised the game order for round-robin events. The Sonneborn-Berger score is a different thing by the same author, and the two are easy to confuse: the table answers «who plays whom», the score answers «who finishes higher on equal points».

Where do I get a Berger table for 7 players?+

Use the «7-8 players» table on this page. The player paired with number 8 is free that round. Every player sits out exactly once, and the event still runs to 7 rounds.

Who plays White in a Berger table?+

The player whose number comes first in the pair. In the line «2-5», number 2 has White and number 5 has Black. This holds in every table of the annex to the FIDE tournament rules.

How many rounds will my tournament have?+

With an even field there is one round fewer than there are players: 8 players means 7 rounds. With an odd field the number of rounds equals the number of players - 7 players means 7 rounds, but each of them sits out once. The total number of games is N×(N-1)/2.

Can I just pair people at random instead?+

Technically yes for a kitchen-table event, but then you have to police it by hand: nobody may meet twice and nobody should get three games in a row on one colour. A Berger table solves both at once, which is exactly why it was written into the tournament rules.

How do I pair a double round-robin?+

The first cycle is played straight off the table. In the second cycle the same pairings repeat with the colours reversed, but the last two rounds of the first cycle are swapped when you build it - that is the FIDE recommendation, and it prevents three games in a row on the same colour at the join.

What if a player withdraws mid-event?+

Their remaining opponents get a bye instead of a game. Whether the games already played stand or are annulled depends on your regulations and on how much of the schedule the player completed - worth writing into the regulations before the start rather than after the argument.

How are places decided on equal points?+

In a round-robin the main tie-break is the Sonneborn-Berger score: the sum of the final scores of the opponents you beat, plus half the scores of those you drew with. Buchholz does not work here, because everybody faced exactly the same opposition.

Do I have to print the table, or can I run it on a phone?+

Printing is handy when the event is played across several boards and people want to see the whole schedule at a glance. If you run the tournament in an app, the schedule is generated from the field automatically and the paper is purely decorative.

Numbers are drawn, you can start

The tables above settle the schedule, and the Vibe Chess app removes even that step: build a round-robin on your phone in a minute and spend the evening entering results instead of drawing brackets.

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